Imphovemewt in card-ci



` To all whom 'it may concern: Be itknown that I, Amarins W. GATES, Vof tlic;

. backing.

rMenovnMnN'r m cARn-cmwmrte.

The J'Bchedulo referred to in these Letters Patent and making partptlthe smc.

"city of New York, riu the State Tof ,New York,have

`invented certain` new and useful `Improvements .in gard-Clothing, 'of which the following is a speciiica-v,

ion.

i My inveu'tionrelates particularly to the backing or'j -body in which the wire is set, `forming a card, and

cost, and by `a singlellet, abackingthat shall aid `the wire in performing its functions', protectthe teeth. from breaking, and overcomegenerallythe objections which apply toleatherwhen used for card-backs.'

.The prime qualities neededlto secure .the best ends 1n card-clothing are strength, pliability, uniformity, `and elasticity.

Leather and cloth, either 'singly or combined with [elastic and non-elastic substances, "h'ave'been-largely r Vused `lbrthe purpose. y

The objections to leather lie principallykin want of umformityand want of elasticity. Astrip Aot leather will `be ner' or `'coursier grained,

andwllstretch more orfless', accordiugtc the part of wthe animal `from which itpis -taken which, together l with the y callous spots, and l`i1`nperfections caused by abuse to theanimal, and 'also imperfections oi' tanning,

renders it diilcult to clotheaoylnder with a perfectly uniformlcather. l

Description@Accompanying Drawing. 4 igure lis atransverseisectional view of my' card- 2 isa transverse section of the .card V'couiburlap, 2B, madefirom jute orisome other very-cheap fabric of a similar nature, for the center, and open one `side,fby the ordinary process' offelting, which may be aidedbyapplying asthin `solution of fglue or` other cement; at A', I alx and intimately join a layer I .then adda strong 'and firm fabric,a heavy duck,

i rD, being preferred, whichJ--last is inelastic, but, as it "is oitthe' back of theycardwhere 4'the .wire enter's,it

`doesnothinder-1 or preventflthefulllaction 'oi" the :elas- -Thesevmaw 'aspteingtpiaa @getter in the-man fue: fdescribedare' 4,then'-laidj"batsmen steamf-tabls,

A the other side of theburlapI plcc a thin sheet of India rubber, 0, properly prepared for vulf l ,canizatiom which :impart to `teeth that life :and c ...ml-r

and pressure `applied sulicijent .tobrivng them in to a.

able qualities. above mentioned, being strong enough for all practicable purposes, very pliable, perfectly uniform, andhghly elastic where theelasticity is most The object of my invention is-rto secure at a low' needed.

by one or two .sizesyis used, thanl isfcustomarily employed .in setting thesamesized wire .in leather..

`If the' tooth 'a is deflected .to yb or to c, it will, through the action of'the parts combined, return 'again precisely-to a. l

The short arm` of the lever .is within the 'firm fabric D, and,'instead` of therel being a single Afulcrumfor f than' usual life and pliability is given to the wire, and

it will bear more Idelecting without being bent o1' bro ken, and return exactly to place each time.

I am. aware thatthe-materials cf Ilich fmy ing is composed, with the exception ofthe coarse, cheap fabric or bur-lap, havelbefore beeuused forjthe purpose in some uform, but vthe mostdistinctive .feature of my backing, and vone that VI claim 4toibe enall others, is the peculiarity of its construction, being made up of dierently-coustltuted layers'of cloth and fouling a verystrong audfnn base wheretheiwire enters, and rising to a soft and elastic. cushion on the a single uniform yfillet, and their combined actionbefrom-the elastic parts in aidiugfthe wire to Yperform 'its work'without detriment-to the strengthJof the card. r c

I might varyjmy process of manufacture :byjnseit ing` a second layero`i" India rubber between `the-burflt, but Ldonot recommend this course.

follows:

very close union, and then, by meansl of heat, which.

Thewirejis then-set 'with any ordinarymachine, .and in the ordinary way, except that aucedle, smaller `the wire :itc bend over, there are many t'ulcrumsgradu.- j ated through `the compound fabric, so asto` protect Y -thewire from breakage. This is shownby'bendngthe tooth u t-o the face-d, when it will be foundtoliave' back# tirely. novel and importan t, and todistingui'sh'it from' gum, each having a distinct function 'to perform, atl

face, and the whole'united .in va peculiar manner into ing `auch as to secure thegreatest amount of benefit` lap andthe wool, and use n.wo'v'en ,cloth instead ot Myfbackingvariesjn weigha-butordiarilyIjmake .I ."it to weigh about six ounces per-squarefootyanihas-. l

Wool, oncounce; jute or hemp, two-ounces; gum,

one and a quarter ounce: and cotton, one and threequarter ounce. T

I do not consider it indispensable to use vulcanized India. rubber in the construction of myvbacking, as some other elastic substance or cement might be em- Having noir described in-yinvent'ionf What I desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-' 1. The central fabric B of the nature described,

faced with a layer-of lsoit fiber', A, ae indicated, and having afirm fabric, D, attached to the back by means of a thin layer of gumlzlibstantally as specied, andy forthe purposes set fc A I l,

2. The abovedescribed compound fabric, set with wire for the purpose ofI card-clothing.

v A. W'. GATES. Witnesses: y

' J. R. STUBGEs,

R. C. ,MoOLUBn 

